Date: November 25, 2014. 10:00-17:00
Venue: Large-sized seminar room, 3F Inamori Center, Kawabata Campus, Kyoto University

Abstract

This symposium is aimed to discuss researcher-farmer linkages and the effectiveness and institutionalization of participatory approach in the agricultural research through practical experiences of participatory research cases.
In this symposium, four Ethiopian scholars working in the Farmers Research Group (FRG) project will report their activities and Japanese researchers bring the case studies in Asia including Japan as well as other African countries. We hope to make a general discussion on the topics such as the effectiveness of participatory approach and its institutionalization.
We welcome practitioners, researchers, students and all those who are interested in Agricultural development and research in Africa.

Program

10:00
Opening
Moderator: Yoshimasa Ito (Kyoto University)
Opening Address: Kiyoshi Shiratori (JICA)

10:10
First session;“Participatory approach and agricultural technology development”
Moderator: Papa Saliou SARR（Kyoto University）

1-1. “Farmers Participatory Research on Teff, Haricot bean and Wheat Production Technology Improvements in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia”
Fanuel Laekemariam (Wolaita Sodo University)

1-2. “Revaluation of local traditional varieties and development of new varieties of chili pepper for the promotion of agriculture at Hilly and Mountainous Areas in Nagano, Japan”
Kenichi Matsushima (Shinshu University)

1-3. “Expected role of area study for ideal community based development: An example of soil erosion countermeasures in Western Kenya”
Yuko Yamane (Nagoya University)

1-4. “Practice-oriented area studies in Bangladesh”
Kazuo Ando (Kyoto University)

12:10
Lunch Break

13:30
Second session; “Institutionalization of participatory research approach”
Moderator: Feleke Woldeyes Gamo (Arba Minch University)

2-1. “Farmer Research Group (FRG) Approach Training for researchers at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Centre, Oromia”
Kedir Wako (Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Centre, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute)

2-2. “Participatory Research in Amhara Region: Status and Challenges” Tilaye Teklewold (Amhara Agricultural Research Institute)

2-3. “Present status of agricultural research and participatory approach in Ethiopia”
Dawit Alemu (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research)

2-4. “Contribution to Farmers through collaboration between research and extension in Afghanistan”
Masaaki Suzuki (JICA Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening of the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock)

15:30
Coffee Break

16:00
Third session; “Discussions: “How we can make participatory approach functional”
Chairperson: Masayoshi Shigeta (Kyoto University)
Comment: Shigeru Araki (Kyoto University)

17:00 Close

Co-Organized by:
– JICA and The Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University
– The Grant in Aid for Scientific Research (A) Project: Engaged Area Studies in the Arena of African Local-Knowledge Formation and Sharing: Seeking for the new images of community
– The Grant in Aid for Scientific Research (S) Project: Comprehensive Area Studies on Coexistence and Conflict Resolution Realizing the African Potentials

Date: November 21, 2014. 14:00-17:00
Venue: Middle-sized seminar room, 3F Inamori Center, Kyoto University

Program

Prof Abdul Raufu Mustapha (Oxford University)
Violent Islamic Radicalization:Northern Nigeria in the light of the experience of southern Niger Republic

Kate Meagher (London School of Economics)
Informalization and Its Discontents: The Informal Economy and Islamic Radicalization in Northern Nigeria

Abstract

Mustapha, A. Raufu
Violent Islamic Radicalization: Northern Nigeria in the light of the experience of southern Niger Republic

At first glance, northern Nigeria and southern Niger Republic share a number of important religious, economic, and social characteristics.

• Both belong to the sahelian cultural belt just south of the Sahara, running from Senegal to Somalia; a zone in which Islam has exercised significant influence for over a thousand years.
• The two regions are also united by the prevalence the Hausa language.
• Both are regrettably regions of high levels of poverty and depressed socio-economic indicators.
• Finally, they both share a complex admixture of sectarian communities of Sufi Brotherhoods and reformist strands of Islam.

Since the early 19th century, religious and political ideas, religious groups, economic actors, and political forces have moved back and forth across the boundary between both regions. In the process, events in one region have tended to have ramifications for developments in the other. For instance, the Sokoto jihad of 1804 spread Qadiriyya Brotherhood influence to the territories that are now in Niger Republic and many ‘of the wealthiest merchants of Niger belong to this order, whose members are referred to locally as ‘yan sadalu’. Similarly, the Tijaniyya-Ibrahimiyya Brotherhood was spread from Kano to Niger in the 1950s and its members are known locally as the ‘yan kabalu’. Significantly, the Qadiriyya-Tijaniyya conflicts which racked Nigeria in the 1950s and 1960s also took place in Niger. In the same vein, the reformist Salafist Nigerian sect, Izala, also made an appearance in Niger Republic in the 1980s, having been formed in Nigeria. As in Nigeria, the appearance of this reformist Salafist sect generated high levels of religious discord with the established Sufis in Niger. And as happened in Nigeria, Izala also broke into two main factions.

Though the flow and ebb of ideas and people go in both directions, there is the recognition of Nigeria’s formidable cultural, religious, and economic influence on Niger. This is captured in the Nigerien saying: ‘When Nigeria has a cold, Niger coughs’.

Since 2009, northern Nigeria has been battling a stubborn Islamist insurgency spear-headed by the Boko Haram. Analysts have been speculating on the possible consequence of this insurgency for Niger Republic, given the shared characteristics between both regions. Why has there not been the development of a similar insurgency in Niger? This lecture reflects on this question. The lecture compares the drivers of possible radicalization in both regions, looking specifically at: (a) the variable cultural geographies of within and between the two region; (b) impact of historical forces; (c) the importance of economic processes; (d) the political and administrative dynamics in both regions; and (e) religious factors, especially the place of Christianity in both regions and the prevalence of some religious ideas such as secularism. Through such a comparison, it should become clearer why, despite their seeming similarities, violent Islamist radicalization remains dormant in southern Niger but active in northern Nigeria.

Meagher, K.M.B. Kelly (London School of Economics)
Informalization and Its Discontents: The Informal Economy and Islamic Radicalization in Northern Nigeria

This seminar explores the dark side of inclusive markets in the context of northern Nigeria. It examines how strategies of economic inclusion generate new dynamics of exclusion through processes of selective inclusion and marginalization. Despite the celebrated resurgence of the Nigerian economy, the majority of the population has remained trapped in the realities of jobless growth, rising poverty and expanding economic informality. The interface of historical disadvantage, economic reforms, and the dynamics of the global economy have exacerbated problems of regional inequality within Nigeria, concentrating the benefits of inclusive markets in the south and the negative side-effects in the northern region of the country, fostering escalating poverty, disaffection and Islamic extremism.

Drawing on fieldwork conducted in the northern Nigerian cities of Kano and Kaduna in 2014, I will explore the nature and limitations of inclusive economies within the context of northern Nigeria’s vibrant informal economy. I will focus on how inclusive economies have exacerbated economic stress within northern Nigeria, and generated new and increasingly problematic processes of exclusion. Based on interviews with operators and associational leaders in a selection of eight common informal production and service activities, I show how mounting economic pressures are restructuring patterns of ownership, social identity, educational attainment and religious affiliation within the informal economy. Indigenous institutions and networks of religious tolerance and economic interdependence are being eroded by new patterns of competition over access to informal jobs based on education and identity. Popular disaffection is heightened by human rights abuses by security forces and graduate employment programmes, which further marginalize poor and less-educated informal actors, exacerbating economic stress and resentment against the state, and creating a tinderbox for violence and Islamic extremism.